
This question involves the concepts of the law of conservation of momentum, velocity, and mass.
The two quantities, the students should multiply before and after the collision are "A. mass and velocity".
According to the law of conservation of momentum, In an isolated system, the total momentum of the system before the collision is always equal to the total momentum of the system after the collision.
To prove the law of conservation of momentum, consider two balls of masses βmββ and βmββ, moving with velocities βuββ and βuββ, respectively, such that uβ is greater than uβ. After some time, these balls collide with each other and their velocities become βvββ and βvββ, respectively.
This situation is illustrated in the attached picture.
So, according to the law of conservation of momentum:
Total Momentum Before Collision = Total Momentum After Collision
mβuβ + mβuβ = mβvβ + mβvβ
Learn more about the law of conservation of momentum here:
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